Clin Nutrition: 长期食用大豆坚果可改善老年人的血管功能和心脏代谢风险标志物

2022-05-11 xuyihan MedSci原创

大豆对心血管有一定的防治作用,大豆异黄酮有较强的抗氧化效果,有利于清除体内自由基和抑制脂质过氧化。

研究显示健康的植物性饮食对心血管风险标志物的有利影响,因为这些饮食富含许多不同的营养素,例如不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)、纤维、植物化学物质、抗氧化剂和蛋白质。植物性饮食可以富含大豆,它提供高质量的蛋白质和大量的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。大豆也是植物雌激素的最重要来源之一。事实上,一项观察性研究的荟萃分析表明,食用大豆与心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险呈负相关。应对反应性充血的肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张(FMD) 是一种评估内皮功能的非侵入性技术,而颈动脉反应性 (CAR) 是一种评估内皮功能的新工具,最近,我们已经报道,在健康的老年男性和女性中,长期食用大豆坚果有益地影响了局部脑血流量,这可能反映了脑血管功能的改善,这可能对预防认知能力下降很重要。本项研究旨在探究食用大豆对健康老年男性和女性血管功能和心脏代谢风险标志物的长期影响。

为了完成本项研究,23名健康参与者(年龄:60-70 岁;BMI:20-30 kg/m2 )参加了一项随机、对照、单盲交叉试验,干预措施为每天食用67克大豆坚果(包含 25.5 g蛋白和 174 mg异黄酮)为期16 周,然后相隔 8 周的清洗期。成年人遵循荷兰国家的基于食物的饮食指南

 

研究结果显示所有患者均没有出现严重的不良事件,并且大豆坚果方案具有良好的耐受性。在整个研究期间体重保持稳定。在干预期间接受大豆饮食的患者中观察到较高的蛋白质(3.1 能量百分比 [En%])和较低的碳水化合物摄入量(2.0 En%)。总脂肪摄入量相当,但饱和(-1.3 En%)、顺式单不饱和脂肪酸(-1.5 En%)和顺式多不饱和脂肪酸(+1.9 En%)的摄入量不同。与对照组相比,干预后患者血清异黄酮浓度更高(黄豆苷元:127.8 ng/mL;95% CI:74.3–181.3 ng/mL;p < 0.001,染料木黄酮:454.2 ng/mL;95% CI:266.6– 641.8 ng/mL;p < 0.001)。摄入大豆坚果后肱动脉流量介导的血管舒张增加了 1.48 个百分点(pp;95% CI:0.08–2.89 pp;p=0.040)。颈动脉反应性反应和动脉僵硬度没有差异。血清 LDL-胆固醇水平出现了降低(0.17 mmol/L;95% CI:0.02-0.32 mmol/L;p=0.027),而 HDL-胆固醇和三酰基甘油浓度相当。

 

本项研究证实作为健康饮食的一部分,长期摄入大豆坚果可改善内皮功能、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和 MAP 水平,这表明增加大豆食物摄入量有益影响老年人心血管疾病风险的机制。

原始出处:

LeaTischmann. Et al. Longer-term soy nut consumption improves vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers in older adults: Results of a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种全身性的、慢性的、进行性的炎症性疾病,主要影响关节的滑膜,可导致骨质破坏。