胰岛素的停药指征及停用方法

2021-08-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

胰岛素的停药指征及停用方法

停用胰岛素的指征是什么?

1. 应激情况(如大手术、重度创伤、严重感染等)已消除,目前病情平稳,血糖控制良好;

2. 胰岛功能尚可,空腹C肽水平>0.4nmol/L,标准糖耐量试验后C肽>0.8nmol/L;

3. 患者没有严重糖尿病急慢性并发症以及肝功能异常、肾功能不全等表现;

4. 糖尿病自身抗体(如胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)、胰岛素抗体(IAA)、谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)等)阴性,排除1型糖尿病及成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)。

5. 患者的全天胰岛素用量不超过24~28个单位,且血糖控制达标(空腹血糖4.4~7.0mmol/L,非空腹血糖≤10.0mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白<7.0%);

只有满足上述条件后,才可考虑停用胰岛素,改用口服降糖药治疗。

如何停用胰岛素?

1. 如果之前胰岛素的用量不大,每日总量不超过20个单位,一开始即可完全停用胰岛素,改用口服降糖药替代治疗。

(1)消瘦或体重正常、以餐后血糖升高为主的糖尿病患者首选胰岛素促泌剂或α-糖苷酶抑制剂;

(2)超重及肥胖、以空腹血糖升高为主的糖尿病患者,首选双胍类或噻唑烷二酮类的胰岛素增敏剂;

(3)当单用一种降糖药物治疗效果欠佳时,可以联合用药(如双胍类联合磺脲类),药物剂量应根据血糖监测结果进行调整。

2. 如果此前胰岛素的应用剂量偏大(30单位左右),开始时可将胰岛素的总剂量减半,同时加用口服降糖药,药物选用原则同上。但初始剂量不宜太大,根据血糖情况逐渐减少胰岛素用量直至停用,并逐渐增加口服降糖药的剂量,直至血糖控制满意为止。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750244, encodeId=8c4b1e5024457, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 08:14:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009998, encodeId=9281100999804, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210112/e0104a6ebb964bb0aff1dcd29eca1748/b07b3c83a01045e7b032a7bfa9bc1a50.jpg, createdBy=fcd55400683, createdName=Yolanda_DO, createdTime=Sat Aug 21 12:22:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460855, encodeId=6a971460855c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8012e675d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#停药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27675, encryptionId=b8012e675d7, topicName=停药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c6d6379100, createdName=yinhl1980, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 08:14:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008906, encodeId=5b831008906da, content=临床常碰到这个问题,感觉很实用,希望可以多发这样的文章学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=95025575812, createdName=临床小白, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 07:46:00 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008830, encodeId=d18f1008830c7, content=文章简洁明了,实用性较强,给作者点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/eb12475e744d48089c8f9e6933151e54/af4cdc8ba4234854992ea3e100685dc5.jpg, createdBy=893e2269929, createdName=ms938317208493423, createdTime=Tue Aug 17 21:31:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-02 baoya
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750244, encodeId=8c4b1e5024457, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 08:14:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009998, encodeId=9281100999804, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210112/e0104a6ebb964bb0aff1dcd29eca1748/b07b3c83a01045e7b032a7bfa9bc1a50.jpg, createdBy=fcd55400683, createdName=Yolanda_DO, createdTime=Sat Aug 21 12:22:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460855, encodeId=6a971460855c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8012e675d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#停药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27675, encryptionId=b8012e675d7, topicName=停药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c6d6379100, createdName=yinhl1980, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 08:14:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008906, encodeId=5b831008906da, content=临床常碰到这个问题,感觉很实用,希望可以多发这样的文章学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=95025575812, createdName=临床小白, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 07:46:00 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008830, encodeId=d18f1008830c7, content=文章简洁明了,实用性较强,给作者点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/eb12475e744d48089c8f9e6933151e54/af4cdc8ba4234854992ea3e100685dc5.jpg, createdBy=893e2269929, createdName=ms938317208493423, createdTime=Tue Aug 17 21:31:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-21 Yolanda_DO

    很实用

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750244, encodeId=8c4b1e5024457, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 08:14:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009998, encodeId=9281100999804, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210112/e0104a6ebb964bb0aff1dcd29eca1748/b07b3c83a01045e7b032a7bfa9bc1a50.jpg, createdBy=fcd55400683, createdName=Yolanda_DO, createdTime=Sat Aug 21 12:22:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460855, encodeId=6a971460855c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8012e675d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#停药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27675, encryptionId=b8012e675d7, topicName=停药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c6d6379100, createdName=yinhl1980, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 08:14:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008906, encodeId=5b831008906da, content=临床常碰到这个问题,感觉很实用,希望可以多发这样的文章学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=95025575812, createdName=临床小白, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 07:46:00 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008830, encodeId=d18f1008830c7, content=文章简洁明了,实用性较强,给作者点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/eb12475e744d48089c8f9e6933151e54/af4cdc8ba4234854992ea3e100685dc5.jpg, createdBy=893e2269929, createdName=ms938317208493423, createdTime=Tue Aug 17 21:31:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-18 yinhl1980
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750244, encodeId=8c4b1e5024457, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 08:14:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009998, encodeId=9281100999804, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210112/e0104a6ebb964bb0aff1dcd29eca1748/b07b3c83a01045e7b032a7bfa9bc1a50.jpg, createdBy=fcd55400683, createdName=Yolanda_DO, createdTime=Sat Aug 21 12:22:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460855, encodeId=6a971460855c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8012e675d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#停药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27675, encryptionId=b8012e675d7, topicName=停药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c6d6379100, createdName=yinhl1980, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 08:14:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008906, encodeId=5b831008906da, content=临床常碰到这个问题,感觉很实用,希望可以多发这样的文章学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=95025575812, createdName=临床小白, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 07:46:00 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008830, encodeId=d18f1008830c7, content=文章简洁明了,实用性较强,给作者点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/eb12475e744d48089c8f9e6933151e54/af4cdc8ba4234854992ea3e100685dc5.jpg, createdBy=893e2269929, createdName=ms938317208493423, createdTime=Tue Aug 17 21:31:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-18 临床小白

    临床常碰到这个问题,感觉很实用,希望可以多发这样的文章学习学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750244, encodeId=8c4b1e5024457, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 08:14:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009998, encodeId=9281100999804, content=很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210112/e0104a6ebb964bb0aff1dcd29eca1748/b07b3c83a01045e7b032a7bfa9bc1a50.jpg, createdBy=fcd55400683, createdName=Yolanda_DO, createdTime=Sat Aug 21 12:22:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460855, encodeId=6a971460855c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8012e675d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#停药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27675, encryptionId=b8012e675d7, topicName=停药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c6d6379100, createdName=yinhl1980, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 08:14:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008906, encodeId=5b831008906da, content=临床常碰到这个问题,感觉很实用,希望可以多发这样的文章学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=95025575812, createdName=临床小白, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 07:46:00 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1008830, encodeId=d18f1008830c7, content=文章简洁明了,实用性较强,给作者点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/eb12475e744d48089c8f9e6933151e54/af4cdc8ba4234854992ea3e100685dc5.jpg, createdBy=893e2269929, createdName=ms938317208493423, createdTime=Tue Aug 17 21:31:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-17 ms938317208493423

    文章简洁明了,实用性较强,给作者点个赞

    0

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