Nature Medicine报道:世上肾癌模型

2017-06-02 欧阳沐 生物通

根据粗略统计,三分之二的癌症患者都患有肾癌。最常见的肾癌类型是透明细胞肾细胞癌(clear cell renal cell carcinoma,ccRCC)。对大约50%的ccRCC患者来说,一旦肿瘤发生转移,必死无疑。因为老鼠体内的肿瘤可以反应人类基因和肿瘤的分子和细胞特性,因此,癌症研究和新疗法的检测统统依赖于精确设计的老鼠模型。然而,努力了几十年,研究人员仍然无法开发出适用于肾细胞癌的老鼠模



根据粗略统计,三分之二的癌症患者都患有肾癌。最常见的肾癌类型是透明细胞肾细胞癌(clear cell renal cell carcinoma,ccRCC)。对大约50%的ccRCC患者来说,一旦肿瘤发生转移,必死无疑。

因为老鼠体内的肿瘤可以反应人类基因和肿瘤的分子和细胞特性,因此,癌症研究和新疗法的检测统统依赖于精确设计的老鼠模型。然而,努力了几十年,研究人员仍然无法开发出适用于肾细胞癌的老鼠模型。

如今,经过长期的科研攻坚,苏黎世大学Ian Frew教授实验室的科学家们终于开发出了可用于研究的该疾病小鼠模型,Ian Frew最近加入了德国Freiburg大学。

研究人员首先鉴定了人类肾细胞癌中的常见突变基因,然后他们同时突变了小鼠肾细胞中的其中3个基因,从而成功构建了肾癌动物模型。

从肾细胞的基因突变到肿瘤形成,大概需要8到12个月。对老鼠的寿命来说,这是相当长的一段时间,而实际肿瘤的发生未必需要这么久。研究人员怀疑在肿瘤发展进程中可能存在其他因素。他们决定仔细研究一下小鼠肿瘤中的蛋白质编码基因。于是乎,他们发现了所有肿瘤突变中的相同共性——至少突变了1个负责初级纤毛(primary cilium)正确功能的基因。初级纤毛是细胞表面的像头发样的结构,除了其他功能还能协调细胞信号。

基于小鼠肿瘤基因分析的发现,研究人员在人类肾细胞癌中也发现了类似的突变。科学家们认为,初级纤毛的正常功能丧失导致了肾小管上皮细胞不受控制的分裂,促进了ccRCC肿瘤形成。

Ian Frew实验室的Sabine Harlander说:“这项工作是一个典型例子,指示出小鼠模型在人类癌症研究领域的作用。”

这种疾病模型的重现,将为更好的肾癌治疗手段开发提供思路。例如,接受不同药物治疗的转移肾癌患者,有些患者对药物有反应,另一些患者则没有反应,或者是有些人的肿瘤缩小了,有些人的没有缩小。使用与人类相同的药物,研究人员也可在小鼠模型中观察这些现象。“我们希望我们的小鼠模型可以将药物测试和遗传分析统一结合起来,让肿瘤敏感或耐药的机制得到深入了解,”Ian Frew说。“这些重要的信息最终可以让医生根据每位患者的特点调整出更好的治疗方案。”

小鼠模型也有助于免疫疗法的进一步发展。这项技术在过去几年中已经取得了很大的进步。如今,新模型的问世,将使科学家们可以在正常的体内免疫系统环境下研究肾肿瘤的发育,以及癌细胞逃避免疫系统攻击的原理。最终,科学家们的目标是利用这些新发现来提高免疫调节治疗的效果。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882133, encodeId=bf4b1882133dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 23:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858751, encodeId=bd281858e5156, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Apr 17 14:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773623, encodeId=1cc81e7362358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 01:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577532, encodeId=1a1e15e7532df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607612, encodeId=1da3160e61286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-18 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882133, encodeId=bf4b1882133dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 23:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858751, encodeId=bd281858e5156, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Apr 17 14:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773623, encodeId=1cc81e7362358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 01:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577532, encodeId=1a1e15e7532df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607612, encodeId=1da3160e61286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-17 jeanqiuqiu
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882133, encodeId=bf4b1882133dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 23:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858751, encodeId=bd281858e5156, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Apr 17 14:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773623, encodeId=1cc81e7362358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 01:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577532, encodeId=1a1e15e7532df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607612, encodeId=1da3160e61286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-05 kalseyzl
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882133, encodeId=bf4b1882133dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 23:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858751, encodeId=bd281858e5156, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Apr 17 14:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773623, encodeId=1cc81e7362358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 01:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577532, encodeId=1a1e15e7532df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607612, encodeId=1da3160e61286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882133, encodeId=bf4b1882133dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 18 23:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858751, encodeId=bd281858e5156, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Apr 17 14:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773623, encodeId=1cc81e7362358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 01:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577532, encodeId=1a1e15e7532df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607612, encodeId=1da3160e61286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jun 04 12:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]